Protection for Working Women: Comparative Study of Moroccan and Chinese Regulations

Id Bouhou Mohamed; Ikram Ben Ali Kaddour

doi:10.64060/IJDSS.v2i1.3

Authors

Id Bouhou Mohamed Southwest University of Political Science and Law, China Author https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4855-9206
Ikram Ben Ali Kaddour Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Science, Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Morocco Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7855-7692

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64060/IJDSS.v2i1.3

Keywords:

Working woman, Protection of physical health, Protection of mental health, Dual social role, China labor act, Morocco labor code

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection of working women based on their capabilities and dual role, considering the labor legislation of both the Kingdom of Morocco and the People's Republic of China, relying on the comparative and analytical inductive approach. The research problem is represented in the extent to which the legal texts enacted by Moroccan and Chinese labor legislators to protect working women can provide guarantees capable of dealing with the specificity of their capabilities and dual roles. Moroccan and Chinese legislators have allocated special legal provisions for working women, considering their capabilities and aiming to reconcile their family and professional lives. The legal texts regulating the protection of working women are the Moroccan Labor Code, Law No. 65.99 of 2003, and the PRC Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women, on October 30, 2022. This study highlights that they revolve around two main aspects: the first related to protecting the health of working women in view of their physiological and psychological nature, while the second relates to special protection for working mothers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Berheide, C.W., Women's work in the home: Seems like old times, in Women and the Family. 2014, Routledge. p. 37-55.

2. Rees, T., Women and the labour market. 2022: Routledge.

3. Kabeer, N., Gender equality, inclusive growth, and labour markets, in Women's economic empowerment. 2021, Routledge. p. 13-48.

4. Qayum, M., J. Afzal, and M. Qayyum. Role of women in sustainable development in pakistan: the post development goal. in International Conference on Sustainable Development in Engineering, Science & Technology. 2023.

5. Xu, Z., et al., Availability and access to Livelihood capital assets for development of sustainable Livelihood strategies of fishermen: A case study of Manchar Lake Pakistan. Heliyon, 2023. 9(12).

6. Wood, W. and A.H. Eagly, A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological bulletin, 2002. 128(5): p. 699.

7. McDonald, K., L.H. Amir, and M.-A. Davey, Maternal bodies and medicines: a commentary on risk and decision-making of pregnant and breastfeeding women and health professionals. BMC public health, 2011. 11(Suppl 5): p. S5.

8. Gatrell, C.J., Secrets and lies: Breastfeeding and professional paid work. Social Science & Medicine, 2007. 65(2): p. 393-404.

9. Nussbaum, M., Women and cultural universals, in Pluralism. 2014, Routledge. p. 197-227.

10. Cox, R. and K. Messing, Legal and biological perspectives on employment testing for physical abilities: A post-Meiorin review. Windsor YB Access Just., 2006. 24: p. 23.

11. Toufik, S., et al., The Impact of the Employment Protection Legislation Reform on the Labor Market’s Flexicurity in Morocco. Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 2017. 4(1): p. 14-26.

12. Filali Meknassi, R., Moroccan migration law in storm. Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale, 2019(4): p. 126-147.

13. Wagstaff, A.S. and J.-A.S. Lie, Shift and night work and long working hours-a systematic review of safety implications. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2011: p. 173-185.

14. Davis, S., et al., Night shift work and hormone levels in women. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention, 2012. 21(4): p. 609-618.

15. Buehler, M., Labour demands, regime concessions: Moroccan unions and the Arab uprising. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2015. 42(1): p. 88-103.

16. Lee Cooke, F., Equal opportunity? The role of legislation and public policies in women’s employment in China. Women in Management Review, 2001. 16(7): p. 334-348.

17. Haina, L., The right to employment security in Chinese labor law: latest developments in light of international law. Frontiers L. China, 2015. 10: p. 136.

18. Ghaith, N., The legal regulation of working hours and its role in achieving balance between the two parties to the work contract: a study in the Moroccan labour code and the Palestinian labour law. An-Najah University Journal for Research-B (Humanities), 2021. 37(1): p. 51-78.

19. Josephs, H.K., Labor Law in a socialist market economy: The case of China. Colum. J. Transnat'l L., 1995. 33: p. 559.

20. ELMORCHID, B. and B. MANSOURI, THE USER COST OF LABOR AND POLICY OF RECRUITMENT WITHIN THE MOROCCAN LABOR MARKET.

21. Chapter, I., et al., PRC Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women. Challenges for Chinese women in the early twenty-first century, 2026: p. 317.

22. Jabeen, S., et al., Impacts of rural women’s traditional economic activities on household economy: Changing economic contributions through empowered women in rural Pakistan. Sustainability, 2020. 12(7): p. 2731.

23. Katz, E., The changing role of women in the rural. Food, Agriculture, and Rural Development: Current and Emerging Issues for Economic Analysis and Policy Research (CUREMIS II), 2003. 1: p. 31.