Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Oxidative Stress Monitoring in Saliva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64060/jestt.v2i2.3Keywords:
Slaviary biomarkers ofoxidative stress , Electrochemcal Biosensors, wearable sensingAbstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defences, is a critical factor in the onset and progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders. Early detection of oxidative stress biomarkers is essential for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Saliva has emerged as a highly attractive biofluid for this purpose due to its non-invasive, easily accessible, and cost-effective collection. Recent advancements in electrochemical biosensors have significantly enhanced the sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of detecting oxidative stress indicators in saliva. These innovative sensing platforms enable real-time monitoring of key biomarkers at low concentrations, offering great potential for clinical and point-of-care applications. However, challenges such as sensor stability, biofouling, and interference from complex salivary components remain to be addressed to ensure robust performance in practical settings. This review summarises the latest developments in electrochemical biosensing of salivary oxidative stress biomarkers, highlights existing limitations, and discusses prospective strategies to overcome current barriers. The continued evolution of this technology promises to facilitate early disease detection and improve patient outcomes through accessible and precise oxidative stress monitoring.
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